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<ptfkit/saxton2006.h>

#include <ptfkit/saxton2006.h>

Saxton and Rawls (2006), soil water characteristics from texture and organic matter.

Source

Saxton, K. E., & Rawls, W. J. (2006). Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1569-1578.

DOI: 10.2136/ssaj2005.0117

Scope

Territory: United States

Dataset: 1,722 mineral-soil A-horizon samples retained from the USDA/NRCS National Soil Characterization database after exclusions from 2,149 samples.

PTF catalog page

saxton2006_ptf_result

typedef struct {
    double theta_1500;
    double theta_33;
    double theta_s;
    double plant_available_water;
    double air_entry_tension;
    double retention_a;
    double retention_b;
    double conductivity_lambda;
    double saturated_conductivity;
    double normal_density;
 } saxton2006_ptf_result;
Field Description
theta_1500 Volumetric water content at 1500 kPa matric tension. (m^3/m^3)
theta_33 Volumetric water content at 33 kPa matric tension. (m^3/m^3)
theta_s Saturated volumetric water content at normal density. (m^3/m^3)
plant_available_water Difference between the 33 and 1500 kPa water contents. (m^3/m^3)
air_entry_tension Air-entry or bubbling-pressure tension. (kPa)
retention_a Coefficient A of the dry-range moisture-tension curve. (kPa)
retention_b Exponent B of the dry-range moisture-tension curve. (dimensionless)
conductivity_lambda Inverse of retention exponent B. (dimensionless)
saturated_conductivity Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the matric soil. (mm/h)
normal_density Normal dry bulk density assuming particle density 2.65 g/cm^3. (g/cm^3)

saxton2006_density_result

typedef struct {
    double adjusted_density;
    double adjusted_theta_s;
    double adjusted_theta_33;
    double adjusted_theta_s_minus_33;
 } saxton2006_density_result;
Field Description
adjusted_density Density after applying the density factor. (g/cm^3)
adjusted_theta_s Saturated water content after the density adjustment. (m^3/m^3)
adjusted_theta_33 Water content at 33 kPa after the density adjustment. (m^3/m^3)
adjusted_theta_s_minus_33 Density-adjusted difference between saturation and 33 kPa. (m^3/m^3)

saxton2006_gravel_result

typedef struct {
    double gravel_volume_fraction;
    double bulk_density;
    double bulk_plant_available_water;
    double bulk_saturated_conductivity;
 } saxton2006_gravel_result;
Field Description
gravel_volume_fraction Gravel volume fraction of the bulk soil. (m^3/m^3)
bulk_density Dry bulk density of matric soil plus gravel. (g/cm^3)
bulk_plant_available_water Plant-available water on a bulk-soil volume basis. (m^3/m^3)
bulk_saturated_conductivity Saturated conductivity after the gravel reduction. (mm/h)

saxton2006_salinity_result

typedef struct {
    double saturated_osmotic_potential;
    double osmotic_potential;
 } saxton2006_salinity_result;
Field Description
saturated_osmotic_potential Osmotic potential at saturation. (kPa)
osmotic_potential Osmotic potential at the supplied water content. (kPa)

Functions

calc_ptf_saxton2006

Estimate soil water characteristics from sand, clay, and organic matter.

static inline saxton2006_ptf_result calc_ptf_saxton2006(double sand, double clay, double organic_matter);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
sand in Sand mass fraction of the fine-earth soil. (g/g)
clay in Clay mass fraction of the fine-earth soil. (g/g)
organic_matter in Organic matter content on a mass percentage basis. (% mass)

Returns

A saxton2006_ptf_result value.

Note

Sand and clay are decimal mass fractions, while organic matter is a percentage.

Note

The 1500 and 33 kPa values are also termed wilting point and field capacity.

Warning

Do not apply the regression above 8% organic matter or 60% clay.

Warning

Sand and clay fractions must describe one soil and therefore must sum to at most 1.

Warning

These statistical-average estimates should be calibrated to local measurements when available.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_density

Adjust Saxton and Rawls water characteristics for soil density.

static inline saxton2006_density_result calc_ptf_saxton2006_density(double normal_density, double theta_s, double theta_33, double density_factor);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
normal_density in Normal dry bulk density estimated by the base model. (g/cm^3)
theta_s in Saturated water content at normal density. (m^3/m^3)
theta_33 in Water content at 33 kPa and normal density. (m^3/m^3)
density_factor in Multiplicative adjustment to normal density. (dimensionless)

Returns

A saxton2006_density_result value.

Note

The source limits the saturation-minus-33 kPa difference to at least 0.005 m^3/m^3.

Warning

The source recommends density factors only from 0.9 to 1.3.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_tension_dry

Estimate matric tension in the 1500 to 33 kPa segment.

static inline double calc_ptf_saxton2006_tension_dry(double theta, double theta_1500, double theta_33);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
theta in Volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
theta_1500 in Volumetric water content at 1500 kPa. (m^3/m^3)
theta_33 in Volumetric water content at 33 kPa. (m^3/m^3)

Returns

Matric tension at the supplied water content. (kPa)

Warning

Use only for the 1500 to 33 kPa segment defined by the source.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_tension_wet

Estimate matric tension in the 33 kPa to air-entry segment.

static inline double calc_ptf_saxton2006_tension_wet(double theta, double theta_33, double theta_s, double air_entry_tension);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
theta in Volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
theta_33 in Volumetric water content at 33 kPa. (m^3/m^3)
theta_s in Saturated volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
air_entry_tension in Air-entry tension estimated by the base model. (kPa)

Returns

Matric tension at the supplied water content. (kPa)

Note

At tensions below air entry, Equation 13 fixes water content at theta_s.

Warning

Use only for the 33 kPa to air-entry segment defined by the source.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_conductivity

Estimate unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from water content.

static inline double calc_ptf_saxton2006_conductivity(double theta, double theta_s, double saturated_conductivity, double conductivity_lambda);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
theta in Volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
theta_s in Saturated volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
saturated_conductivity in Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the matric soil. (mm/h)
conductivity_lambda in Inverse of retention exponent B. (dimensionless)

Returns

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at the supplied water content. (mm/h)

Warning

The equation does not include residual water content.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_gravel

Adjust matric-soil properties for gravel content.

static inline saxton2006_gravel_result calc_ptf_saxton2006_gravel(double gravel_weight_fraction, double matric_density, double plant_available_water, double saturated_conductivity);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
gravel_weight_fraction in Gravel mass fraction of the bulk soil. (g/g)
matric_density in Dry bulk density of the fine-earth matric soil. (g/cm^3)
plant_available_water in Plant-available water of the matric soil. (m^3/m^3)
saturated_conductivity in Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the matric soil. (mm/h)

Returns

A saxton2006_gravel_result value.

Note

Gravel comprises particles larger than 2 mm.

Note

Gravel density is fixed at 2.65 g/cm^3 in the source equations.

Warning

The conductivity correction does not represent extra macropores sometimes found in gravelly soils.

calc_ptf_saxton2006_salinity

Estimate saturated and moisture-adjusted osmotic potential.

static inline saxton2006_salinity_result calc_ptf_saxton2006_salinity(double electrical_conductivity, double theta, double theta_s);

Parameters

Name Direction Description
electrical_conductivity in Electrical conductivity of a saturated soil extract. (dS/m)
theta in Current volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)
theta_s in Saturated volumetric water content. (m^3/m^3)

Returns

A saxton2006_salinity_result value.

Note

The moisture adjustment assumes dissolved salt quantity remains near constant as water content falls.

Warning

Precipitation, bonding, ionic nutrition, and toxicity can modify actual salinity effects.